Pathophysiology, clinical progression, and complications of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis
Therapeutic approaches including medical and surgical management
Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis involve gallstone formation and gallbladder inflammation, leading to serious complications if untreated. Treatment ranges from medical management to surgical interventions.
Pathophysiology, Clinical Progression, and Complications of Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis
Introduction
Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones, while cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder often caused by obstruction due to gallstones. Both conditions require timely diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent severe complications.
Pathophysiology
Gallstones form due to imbalances in bile composition, leading to cholesterol or pigment stone development. Over time, stones may obstruct bile flow, causing inflammation and infection.
Clinical Progression
- Early Stage: Asymptomatic gallstones.
- Acute Stage: Severe pain, fever, and possible complications.
- Chronic Stage: Recurrent symptoms and gallbladder dysfunction.
Complications
- Biliary colic
- Acute cholecystitis
- Gallbladder perforation
- Pancreatitis
Therapeutic Approaches
Medical Management
Includes pain control, antibiotics, and bile acid therapy.
Surgical Management
Cholecystectomy is the definitive treatment for recurrent or severe cases.
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