Pathological Aspects of Spinal Deformities and Disorders

Clinical Features and Complications of Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition characterized by the forward displacement of a vertebra over the one beneath it. This condition can lead to significant discomfort, functional limitations, and neurological complications.

Clinical Features

• Lower Back Pain: Persistent or intermittent pain in the lumbar region.
• Radiculopathy: Nerve compression symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs.
• Postural Abnormalities: Increased lumbar lordosis or compensatory changes in spinal curvature.
• Gait Disturbances: Difficulty walking due to pain or weakness.
• Neurological Deficits: Severe cases may present with bladder or bowel dysfunction.

Complications

• Spinal Instability: Progressive displacement can lead to chronic instability.
• Spondylotic Myelopathy: Compression of the spinal cord causing neurological deficits.
• Degenerative Disc Disease: Adjacent disc degeneration due to altered biomechanics.
• Chronic Pain Syndrome: Long-term pain management challenges.

Treatment Approaches

Management depends on the severity and symptoms of spondylolisthesis. Conservative options include physical therapy, analgesics, and bracing. Severe cases may require surgical intervention such as spinal fusion or decompression.