Pathogenesis, Progression, and Clinical Characteristics of Common HIV-related Skin and Oral Lesions

Introduction

HIV infection often presents with various dermatological and oral manifestations due to immunosuppression. Understanding these lesions aids in timely diagnosis and management.

Pathogenesis and Progression

Skin Lesions

Skin conditions arise due to opportunistic infections, inflammatory responses, or neoplastic processes. Common examples include Kaposi’s sarcoma, molluscum contagiosum, and seborrheic dermatitis.

Oral Lesions

Oral manifestations such as oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and periodontal diseases are prevalent in HIV patients.

Clinical Characteristics

Common HIV-related Dermatological Conditions

• Kaposi's Sarcoma: Violaceous plaques and nodules, often affecting mucosa and skin.
• Molluscum Contagiosum: Umbilicated, dome-shaped lesions caused by the poxvirus.
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: Scaly, erythematous patches affecting sebaceous-rich areas.

Common HIV-related Oral Conditions

• Oral Candidiasis: White, curd-like patches that scrape off.
• Hairy Leukoplakia: Corrugated white plaques on the lateral tongue.
• Periodontal Diseases: Severe gum inflammation and necrosis.

Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnoses

Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, laboratory findings, and biopsy when necessary.

Conclusion

Recognizing HIV-related skin and oral lesions facilitates early intervention and improves patient outcomes.