Pathogenesis, Pathological Features, and Distinguishing Characteristics of Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Lymphomas are a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, an integral part of the immune system. They are broadly classified into two categories: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Understanding the differences in their genetic and molecular composition is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Pathogenesis of Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

HL is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, large multinucleated cells derived from B lymphocytes. These cells evade immune detection and proliferate uncontrollably, leading to the hallmark symptoms of the disease.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

NHL, in contrast, includes a diverse group of lymphoid malignancies. The pathogenesis often involves chromosomal translocations, such as the t(14;18) translocation leading to BCL-2 overexpression in follicular lymphoma.

Genetic and Molecular Differences

• HL: Often linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, leading to genetic mutations that drive abnormal cell growth.
• NHL: Associated with various genetic abnormalities such as MYC rearrangement in Burkitt lymphoma.

Distinguishing Characteristics

• HL: Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, predictable spread pattern.
• NHL: Absence of Reed-Sternberg cells, more aggressive and unpredictable progression.