Pathogenesis of Folate Deficiency Anemia

Folate deficiency anemia is a type of megaloblastic anemia caused by inadequate levels of folic acid. It leads to impaired DNA synthesis and abnormal red blood cell formation.

Etiopathogenesis

Folic acid is essential for nucleotide synthesis. Its deficiency disrupts cell division, resulting in macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia.

Causes

• Inadequate dietary intake
• Malabsorption syndromes
• Increased requirements during pregnancy
• Drug-induced depletion (methotrexate, anticonvulsants)

Clinical Features

Symptoms include fatigue, pallor, glossitis, and neurological deficits in severe cases.

Management

Treatment includes oral folic acid supplementation and dietary modifications.