Pathogenesis of Disorders Caused by Protein-Calorie Malnutrition and Starvation

Introduction

Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) and starvation lead to severe physiological disturbances, affecting metabolic processes, immune responses, and organ function.

Impact on the Body

Cellular and Metabolic Changes

• Reduction in protein synthesis
• Impaired enzymatic activity
• Alterations in hormonal regulation

Clinical Manifestations

• Growth retardation
• Muscle wasting
• Compromised immune function

Genetic Mutations Leading to Sickle Cell Anemia and Thalassemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, leading to abnormal hemoglobin S formation.

Thalassemia

Mutations affecting hemoglobin production, leading to anemia and various systemic complications.

Conclusion

Understanding these pathological conditions helps in preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.