Pathogenesis and Histopathology of Malaria

Introduction to Malaria Pathogenesis

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, transmitted through Anopheles mosquito bites. The disease progression involves various stages, impacting the liver and red blood cells.

Stages of Malaria Infection

Hepatic Stage

The parasite enters the bloodstream and migrates to the liver, where it multiplies within hepatocytes.

Erythrocytic Stage

The parasite releases into the bloodstream and infects red blood cells, leading to hemolysis and cyclic fever episodes.

Histopathological Changes

• Accumulation of infected erythrocytes in capillaries.
• Hemozoin pigment deposition in tissues.
• Increased inflammatory cell infiltration.

Clinical Manifestations

Symptoms range from mild fever to severe cerebral malaria, with complications like anemia and multiple organ failure.