Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Management of Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

Pathogenesis and Disease Progression

Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is an infection of the middle ear, often caused by bacterial or viral pathogens. The pathogenesis involves obstruction of the eustachian tube, leading to fluid accumulation and subsequent infection.

Etiology

• Bacterial causes: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
• Viral causes: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Rhinovirus, Influenza virus

Clinical Features

• Ear pain (otalgia)
• Fever
• Hearing loss
• Bulging tympanic membrane

Management

Treatment involves pain management, antibiotics in bacterial cases, and supportive care. Severe cases may require tympanostomy tubes.