Etiology of Meningitis Based on Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Parameters

Parasitic Meningitis: Causes and CSF Alterations

Parasitic meningitis is a rare but serious form of meningitis caused by parasitic infections. The primary parasites involved include Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Baylisascaris procyonis, and Naegleria fowleri. These infections lead to significant changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters.

Common Parasites Causing Meningitis

• Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Known as the rat lungworm, this parasite causes eosinophilic meningitis.
• Baylisascaris procyonis: A roundworm found in raccoons, responsible for severe neurological manifestations.
• Naegleria fowleri: A free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

CSF Alterations in Parasitic Meningitis

CSF findings in parasitic meningitis typically include:

• Elevated white blood cell count, particularly eosinophils.
• Increased protein concentration.
• Variable glucose levels depending on the causative parasite.

Diagnosis and Management

Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, travel history, CSF analysis, and molecular testing. Treatment may involve antiparasitic medications, corticosteroids, and supportive care.