Structure and Function of the Skin and Its Appendages

Overview of Skin Layers: Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis

The skin, the body's largest organ, provides protection, regulates temperature, and enables sensory reception. It consists of three primary layers:

Epidermis

• Outermost layer, primarily composed of keratinocytes.
• Includes specialized cells like melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells.
• Provides a barrier against environmental damage.

Dermis

• Located beneath the epidermis, rich in collagen and elastin fibers.
• Contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands.
• Supports epidermal function and provides mechanical strength.

Hypodermis

• Subcutaneous tissue composed of adipose cells.
• Acts as an insulator, shock absorber, and energy reservoir.
• Facilitates skin mobility and connects skin to underlying structures.

Understanding these layers is essential for dermatological diagnosis and treatment.