Classification of blood groups and their characteristics
Overview of ABO and Rh blood group systems, including their genetic and immunological basis
The ABO and Rh blood group systems play a vital role in blood transfusions, immunology, and genetic inheritance. Understanding their characteristics is crucial for medical applications.
Classification of Blood Groups and Their Characteristics
Overview of ABO and Rh Blood Group Systems
The ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most clinically significant classifications of human blood. These systems are determined by specific antigens present on the surface of red blood cells and have crucial implications for transfusions, pregnancy, and immune responses.
ABO Blood Group System
Genetic Basis
The ABO blood group is governed by the ABO gene, located on chromosome 9, which encodes enzymes responsible for modifying the surface antigens of red blood cells.
Immunological Characteristics
- Blood type A: Has A antigen and anti-B antibodies.
- Blood type B: Has B antigen and anti-A antibodies.
- Blood type AB: Has both A and B antigens and no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
- Blood type O: Has no antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
Rh Blood Group System
Genetic Basis
The Rh blood group is determined by the presence or absence of the RhD antigen. Individuals with the RhD antigen are classified as Rh-positive, while those without it are Rh-negative.
Clinical Significance
Rh incompatibility between a mother and fetus can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn, necessitating medical intervention such as Rh immunoglobulin therapy.
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