Vacuum-Assisted Delivery: Technique and Procedural Steps

Vacuum-assisted delivery is a method used in obstetrics to facilitate childbirth when labor is prolonged or complications arise. This technique helps guide the baby's head through the birth canal using a vacuum device. Below, we discuss the procedural steps involved in vacuum-assisted delivery.

Indications for Vacuum-Assisted Delivery

• Prolonged second stage of labor
• Fetal distress requiring expedited delivery
• Maternal exhaustion or inability to push effectively

Contraindications

• Gestational age less than 34 weeks
• Cephalopelvic disproportion
• Non-cephalic fetal presentation

Step-by-Step Procedure

1. Preparation: Ensure maternal consent and assess fetal position.
2. Device Selection: Choose appropriate vacuum cup (soft or rigid).
3. Placement: Position the cup correctly on the fetal head.
4. Suction Application: Gradually apply suction to secure the cup.
5. Traction: Coordinate traction with maternal contractions.
6. Delivery: Ensure smooth extraction while monitoring fetal well-being.
7. Post-procedure Care: Assess neonate for any vacuum-related injuries.

Complications and Risks

While vacuum-assisted delivery can be highly effective, there are associated risks such as scalp injuries, cephalohematoma, and maternal perineal trauma. Proper technique and patient selection reduce these risks significantly.