Origin, Course, and Branches of Anterior and Posterior Intercostal Vessels and Internal Thoracic Vessels

Origin of Anterior Intercostal Vessels

The anterior intercostal vessels arise primarily from the internal thoracic artery, a major branch of the subclavian artery. These vessels supply the anterior portions of the intercostal spaces and contribute to the vascularization of the thoracic wall.

Course and Branching Pattern

Anterior Intercostal Arteries

• The anterior intercostal arteries originate from the internal thoracic artery.
• Each intercostal space contains two arteries, running parallel to the intercostal nerves.
• These vessels anastomose with the posterior intercostal arteries, ensuring collateral circulation.

Anterior Intercostal Veins

• The veins accompany the arteries and drain into the internal thoracic vein.
• Blood is then transported to the brachiocephalic vein and subsequently to the superior vena cava.

Clinical Significance

The anterior intercostal vessels play a crucial role in thoracic surgery and pathology. Their anastomotic networks provide essential blood supply in conditions involving vascular compromise.