Ordering, Performing, and Interpreting an Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Introduction

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a crucial diagnostic tool used to assess the electrical activity of the heart. Proper equipment setup and patient preparation ensure accurate readings.

ECG Equipment Setup

Essential Components

• Electrode patches
• Lead wires
• ECG machine
• Gel or conductive material

Setting Up the Machine

Ensure the ECG machine is properly calibrated and functional. Set the paper speed and sensitivity appropriately.

Patient Preparation

Steps for Optimal ECG Readings

1. Ensure the patient is relaxed and comfortable.
2. Clean the electrode sites to remove oils or lotions.
3. Properly place electrodes following the standard lead positions.
4. Minimize movement and external electrical interference.

Interpreting an ECG

Key Waves and Intervals

• P wave: Atrial depolarization
• QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization
• T wave: Ventricular repolarization
• PR interval: Signal delay from atria to ventricles

Common Abnormalities

• Atrial fibrillation (AF)
• Myocardial infarction indicators
• Heart block variations
• QT interval prolongation

Conclusion

Accurate ECG readings depend on proper setup, patient preparation, and systematic interpretation. Understanding abnormalities aids in diagnosing cardiovascular conditions.