Oral Cancer
Definition, Types, and Staging
Oral cancer is a life-threatening condition affecting the mouth and throat. Understanding its types and staging helps with early detection and treatment.
Oral Cancer: Definition, Types, and Staging
Oral cancer is a serious condition that affects the tissues of the mouth and throat. It typically appears as sores or lumps that persist and do not heal over time.
Definition
Oral cancer refers to malignant tumors that develop in any part of the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, and throat.
Types
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The most common type, affecting the lining of the mouth and throat.
- Adenocarcinoma: Arises in glandular tissues such as the salivary glands.
- Verrucous Carcinoma: A slow-growing cancer often linked to tobacco use.
Staging
Cancer staging helps determine the severity and spread of the disease. The stages include:
- Stage 0: Precancerous abnormal cells present.
- Stage I-II: Early-stage cancer, localized within the mouth.
- Stage III-IV: Advanced cancer spreading to lymph nodes or distant organs.
Risk Factors and Prevention
Common risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, HPV infection, and prolonged sun exposure (affecting lips). Regular dental check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can aid prevention.
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