Structural and Functional Organization of the Nervous System

Neuron Structure and Function: Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue

The nervous system is the body's communication network, transmitting signals that control bodily functions. Neurons, the fundamental units, facilitate electrical and chemical signaling.

Key Components of a Neuron

• Cell Body (Soma): Contains the nucleus and organelles vital for neuron function.
• Dendrites: Receive signals from other neurons.
• Axon: Transmits impulses away from the neuron.
• Synapse: The junction between neurons where neurotransmitters facilitate communication.

Types of Neurons

• Sensory Neurons: Transmit sensory input.
• Motor Neurons: Relay signals to muscles.
• Interneurons: Link sensory and motor neurons.

Neuron Function

Neurons communicate via action potentials and neurotransmitters, ensuring rapid signal transmission essential for reflexes, thought processes, and motor coordination.