Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin D Deficiency Due to Dietary Insufficiency

Neuromuscular Symptoms: Weakness, Myopathy, and Muscle Pain

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in musculoskeletal health, and its deficiency can lead to significant neuromuscular symptoms.

Introduction

Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern, primarily caused by inadequate dietary intake, limited sun exposure, or malabsorption. The neuromuscular effects of this deficiency manifest as muscle weakness, myopathy, and pain.

Pathophysiology

Vitamin D regulates calcium homeostasis, ensuring proper muscle contraction and nerve signaling. Deficiency disrupts these processes, leading to musculoskeletal dysfunction.

Clinical Features

• Muscle Weakness: Patients often experience proximal muscle weakness, particularly in the lower limbs, leading to mobility issues.
• Myopathy: Characterized by muscle wasting and difficulty performing routine activities.
• Muscle Pain: A common symptom linked to increased inflammatory markers and neuromuscular impairment.

Diagnosis and Management

Diagnosis involves serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement. Management includes dietary supplementation, increased sun exposure, and addressing underlying causes.

Conclusion

Understanding the neuromuscular symptoms of vitamin D deficiency helps in early diagnosis and effective treatment to improve patient outcomes.