Nerves and Blood Vessels of the Arm: Origin, Course, Relations, and Branches

The human arm is supplied with a complex network of nerves and blood vessels that facilitate movement, sensation, and circulation. Understanding their anatomy is crucial for medical professionals and students.

Blood Supply of the Arm

Axillary Artery

The axillary artery originates from the subclavian artery and supplies blood to the upper limb. It is divided into three parts and gives rise to several branches.

Brachial Artery

The brachial artery is the continuation of the axillary artery and extends down the arm, bifurcating into the radial and ulnar arteries.

Radial and Ulnar Arteries

• Radial artery: Runs along the lateral aspect of the forearm and is commonly used for measuring pulse.
• Ulnar artery: Travels medially, supplying the deep structures of the forearm.

Neural Supply of the Arm

Brachial Plexus

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves originating from the cervical spine that innervates the arm. It is divided into roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches.

Major Nerves

• Median nerve: Controls forearm flexors and provides sensory input to the palm.
• Ulnar nerve: Responsible for hand movements and sensation in the medial fingers.
• Radial nerve: Supplies the extensor muscles of the arm and forearm.

Understanding the nerves and blood vessels of the arm is essential for diagnosing vascular and neurological conditions.