Morphology, Anatomical Relations, and Nerve Supply of the Submandibular Salivary Gland

The submandibular salivary gland, situated in the floor of the mouth, plays a vital role in the production of saliva, aiding digestion and maintaining oral health.

Structure and Morphology

The gland consists of serous and mucous acini and has a distinct lobulated appearance.

Anatomical Relations

• Located beneath the lower jaw (mandible).
• Closely associated with the facial artery and vein.
• Connected to the oral cavity via the Wharton's duct.

Nerve Supply and Innervation

The submandibular gland receives autonomic nerve innervation from the submandibular ganglion.

Parasympathetic Innervation

• Originates from the superior salivatory nucleus.
• Carried by the facial nerve (CN VII) via the chorda tympani.
• Synapses at the submandibular ganglion, leading to increased salivation.

Sympathetic Innervation

• Derived from the superior cervical ganglion.
• Regulates vasoconstriction, reducing saliva secretion.

Clinical Relevance

Dysfunction of the submandibular gland can lead to conditions like xerostomia, sialadenitis, and salivary gland stones.