Neonatal Temperature Regulation and Hypothermia: Clinical Features and Management

Introduction

Neonatal hypothermia is a serious condition that can affect newborns, particularly preterm infants. Proper temperature regulation is crucial in ensuring neonatal health and preventing complications.

Understanding Neonatal Hypothermia

Neonatal hypothermia occurs when an infant’s body temperature drops below normal (<36.5°C). It can lead to metabolic disturbances, respiratory distress, and increased mortality risk.

Clinical Features of Hypothermia

• Lethargy and poor feeding
• Respiratory distress
• Bradycardia
• Hypoglycemia

Preventive Measures

Maintaining Optimal Thermal Environment

Effective thermal protection includes using incubators, radiant warmers, and kangaroo mother care.

Skin-to-Skin Contact

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an effective intervention to regulate neonatal body temperature and promote bonding.

Proper Wrapping and Clothing

Newborns should be appropriately clothed with head covers and swaddled to minimize heat loss.

Management of Hypothermia

Management depends on severity:

• Mild Hypothermia: Gradual warming using skin-to-skin contact and warm blankets.
• Moderate Hypothermia: Use of incubators and warm IV fluids.
• Severe Hypothermia: Intensive care with controlled heating techniques.

Conclusion

Preventing neonatal hypothermia is essential in neonatal care. Implementing effective strategies ensures better survival rates and long-term health outcomes.