Neonatal Temperature Regulation and Hypothermia: Clinical Features and Management

Introduction

Neonatal hypothermia is a critical condition affecting newborns, particularly preterm infants. Proper thermal regulation is essential for survival and healthy development.

Causes of Hypothermia in Neonates

• Immature thermoregulatory mechanisms
• Low birth weight and preterm birth
• Environmental factors, such as inadequate warming
• Infections and metabolic disorders

Clinical Features

• Cold and pale skin
• Lethargy and poor feeding
• Respiratory distress
• Bradycardia and hypoglycemia

Management Strategies

Prevention

• Skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Mother Care)
• Immediate drying and warm clothing
• Temperature monitoring and controlled incubators

Treatment

• Use of radiant warmers and incubators
• IV fluids and glucose administration
• Correcting underlying causes like infections

Conclusion

Neonatal hypothermia remains a preventable and treatable condition with the right interventions. Awareness and early management are key to improving neonatal outcomes.