Neonatal Resuscitation: Use of Positive Pressure Ventilation

Neonatal resuscitation is a critical intervention performed to support newborns who struggle to breathe immediately after birth. Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a key technique used to establish effective respiration in neonates experiencing respiratory distress.

Understanding Positive Pressure Ventilation

PPV is a method of delivering breaths to a newborn using a resuscitation device, ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation. It is primarily used when a newborn has inadequate spontaneous breathing or apnea.

Indications for PPV

• Apnea or gasping
• Heart rate below 100 beats per minute
• Persistent cyanosis despite initial interventions

Equipment Used for PPV

• Self-inflating bag
• Flow-inflating bag
• T-piece resuscitator
• Face mask or endotracheal tube

Steps for Administering PPV

1. Position the newborn’s head in a neutral position to ensure an open airway.
2. Apply a properly fitting mask to create an effective seal.
3. Initiate ventilation at a rate of 40-60 breaths per minute.
4. Monitor chest rise to assess ventilation effectiveness.
5. Adjust oxygen concentration based on pulse oximetry readings.
6. Reassess heart rate and respiratory effort every 30 seconds.

Complications and Considerations

While PPV is lifesaving, improper technique can lead to complications such as:

• Gastric distension
• Barotrauma leading to pneumothorax
• Inadequate ventilation due to poor mask seal

Conclusion

Positive Pressure Ventilation is an essential component of neonatal resuscitation, requiring precise technique and continuous monitoring. Proper training and adherence to neonatal resuscitation guidelines significantly improve outcomes for newborns requiring respiratory support.