Muscular Dystrophy and Myopathies

Inflammatory Myopathies: Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis

Inflammatory myopathies are a group of chronic muscle diseases characterized by muscle weakness and inflammation. The primary conditions include polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis (IBM).

Polymyositis

Polymyositis is an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle inflammation, primarily affecting skeletal muscles.

• Symptoms: Progressive muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, fatigue.
• Diagnosis: Electromyography (EMG), muscle biopsy, and elevated muscle enzymes.
• Treatment: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and physical therapy.

Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis is characterized by muscle weakness and a distinctive skin rash.

• Symptoms: Reddish-purple rash, muscle weakness, and calcinosis.
• Diagnosis: Muscle biopsy, MRI, and autoantibody tests.
• Treatment: Corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and sun protection.

Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM)

IBM is a progressive muscle disorder that primarily affects older adults.

• Symptoms: Gradual muscle weakness, difficulty gripping objects, and muscle wasting.
• Diagnosis: Muscle biopsy showing characteristic inclusion bodies.
• Treatment: No effective treatment, but physical therapy can help manage symptoms.

Conclusion

Inflammatory myopathies are serious yet manageable conditions with early diagnosis and proper treatment. Advances in research continue to improve outcomes for affected individuals.