Cholinergic and Anticholinergic Drugs: Mechanism of Action, Classification, Dosage, Adverse Effects, Therapeutic Indications, and Contraindications

Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs play crucial roles in pharmacology, affecting the autonomic nervous system by modulating acetylcholine activity.

Mechanism of Action of Cholinergic Drugs

Cholinergic drugs mimic acetylcholine, binding to cholinergic receptors (muscarinic and nicotinic) to stimulate parasympathetic responses.

Classification

• Direct-acting cholinergic agonists
• Indirect-acting cholinergic agents
• Anticholinergic drugs (muscarinic antagonists)

Dosage and Administration

Dosages vary based on drug type and patient condition, often administered orally, intravenously, or topically.

Adverse Effects

• Bradycardia
• Hypotension
• Gastrointestinal disturbances

Therapeutic Indications

• Myasthenia gravis
• Glaucoma
• Urinary retention

Contraindications

• Asthma
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Peptic ulcer disease

Understanding these drugs aids in optimizing patient treatment while minimizing risks.