Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management of Nasopharyngitis

Introduction

Nasopharyngitis, commonly known as the common cold, is an upper respiratory tract infection affecting the nasopharynx. It is primarily caused by viruses, most notably rhinoviruses.

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Nasopharyngitis arises due to viral infections. Other causative agents include coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and influenza viruses. The virus spreads via airborne droplets or direct contact with contaminated surfaces.

Clinical Presentation

• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Sneezing
• Low-grade fever
• Fatigue

Management of Nasopharyngitis

Pharmacological Treatments

Symptomatic relief can be achieved using:

• Analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen)
• Decongestants (e.g., pseudoephedrine)
• Antihistamines (for allergy-associated symptoms)

Supportive Care

• Hydration and rest
• Steam inhalation
• Saltwater gargling

Prevention Strategies

• Frequent handwashing
• Maintaining respiratory hygiene
• Boosting immunity through a healthy diet

Conclusion

While nasopharyngitis is self-limiting, managing symptoms effectively and following preventive measures can minimize its impact.