Management of Drug Poisoning

Antibiotic Toxicity and Overdose

Antibiotics are essential in combating bacterial infections, but improper use can lead to toxicity and overdose. Understanding the types of antibiotics involved, potential adverse effects, and effective management strategies is crucial.

Types of Antibiotics Involved

• Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin, Tobramycin) - Can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
• Beta-lactams (e.g., Penicillins, Cephalosporins) - Allergic reactions, seizures in high doses.
• Fluoroquinolones (e.g., Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin) - Tendon toxicity, neurotoxicity.
• Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline) - Hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity.

Adverse Effects of Antibiotic Overdose

Excessive antibiotic consumption can cause severe complications:

• Neurotoxicity: Confusion, dizziness, seizures.
• Hepatotoxicity: Liver dysfunction, jaundice.
• Nephrotoxicity: Kidney damage, electrolyte imbalances.
• Gastrointestinal issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

Management Approaches

Proper management of antibiotic toxicity involves:

• Immediate cessation of the offending drug.
• Supportive care, including hydration and monitoring vitals.
• Administration of antidotes or treatments (e.g., hemodialysis for aminoglycoside toxicity).
• Symptomatic management for specific complications.