Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL)

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) is a rapid-onset hearing impairment, often occurring within 72 hours, with significant impact on a patient's auditory function. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for optimal recovery.

Clinical Presentation

SSNHL commonly presents as unilateral hearing loss, often accompanied by tinnitus and dizziness. Patients may describe a sudden 'pop' in the ear followed by decreased hearing.

Diagnosis

• Pure-Tone Audiometry: Confirms hearing loss greater than 30 dB over three consecutive frequencies.
• Imaging: MRI to rule out retrocochlear pathology.
• Laboratory Tests: Evaluation for viral infections, autoimmune conditions, and vascular disorders.

Management and Treatment Options

Medical Treatment

• Corticosteroids: First-line treatment, either systemic or intratympanic.
• Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Beneficial in some cases.
• Antiviral Therapy: Considered if viral etiology is suspected.

Surgical Intervention

Rarely indicated, but cochlear implantation may be considered for profound, irreversible SSNHL.

Rehabilitation

• Hearing aids and assistive listening devices.
• Auditory training and therapy.