Description and demonstration of the surfaces, sulci, gyri, poles, and functional areas of the cerebral hemisphere

The cerebral hemisphere is a highly specialized structure, housing intricate surfaces, folds (gyri), grooves (sulci), and distinct functional areas responsible for sensory, motor, and cognitive processing. Understanding these features is essential for grasping neuroanatomy and physiological functions.

Major Sulci and Their Significance

Central Sulcus

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes and serves as a landmark distinguishing the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.

Lateral Sulcus

Also known as the Sylvian fissure, this sulcus demarcates the temporal lobe and is critical in auditory processing and speech functions.

Parieto-Occipital Sulcus

Marks the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes, playing a role in visual perception and spatial orientation.

Calcarine Sulcus

Located in the occipital lobe, this sulcus houses the primary visual cortex, where visual information from the retina is processed.

Functional Areas of the Cerebral Hemisphere

• Motor Cortex: Controls voluntary movements.
• Somatosensory Cortex: Processes touch, temperature, and pain sensations.
• Visual Cortex: Located in the occipital lobe, responsible for image interpretation.
• Auditory Cortex: Found in the temporal lobe, involved in sound perception.
• Prefrontal Cortex: Governs decision-making, reasoning, and personality.

These structures and functional areas collectively contribute to the seamless execution of cognitive, motor, and sensory functions.