Lobes involved in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer
Pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
This blog post explores the anatomical involvement of different prostate lobes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic cancer, emphasizing pathophysiology, symptoms, and treatment approaches.
Lobes Involved in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic Cancer
Pathophysiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland, primarily affecting older men. The prostate consists of several lobes, with BPH primarily involving the transitional zone.
Understanding Prostate Lobes
Prostatic Lobes
- Anterior lobe: Non-glandular and rarely involved in pathological conditions.
- Median lobe: Frequently affected in BPH, leading to urinary obstruction.
- Lateral lobes: Contribute to the bulk of the prostate gland.
- Posterior lobe: Primarily involved in prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Pathophysiology of BPH
BPH results from an increase in epithelial and stromal cell proliferation in the transitional zone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), derived from testosterone, plays a significant role in stimulating this growth, leading to compression of the urethra and associated symptoms.
Prostatic Cancer Involvement
Prostatic adenocarcinoma predominantly arises in the peripheral zone, contrasting BPH, which primarily affects the transitional zone. Early detection through prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and biopsies is crucial in managing this condition.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Frequent urination and nocturia.
- Hesitancy and weak urinary stream.
- PSA testing and digital rectal examination (DRE) for diagnosis.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment options for BPH range from medical management with alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors to surgical interventions such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Prostatic cancer treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy.
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