Lichen Planus: Definition and Overview

Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and hair. It is characterized by purple, itchy, flat-topped lesions, commonly appearing on the wrists, legs, and oral cavity.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of Lichen Planus is unknown, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune reaction. Some potential triggers include:

• Viral infections (such as Hepatitis C)
• Chronic stress
• Drug reactions
• Genetic predisposition

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Small, shiny, purplish bumps on the skin
• White, lacy patches inside the mouth (oral Lichen Planus)
• Itchiness and discomfort
• Thinning or ridging of nails
• Painful erosions in severe cases

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical examination and may involve:

• Skin biopsy
• Dermatological assessment
• Blood tests (to rule out associated conditions)

Treatment Options

There is no definitive cure, but treatments focus on symptom management:

• Topical corticosteroids
• Antihistamines for itch relief
• Phototherapy (PUVA or UVB)
• Immune-modulating drugs for severe cases

Preventive Measures

Patients can adopt certain habits to reduce flare-ups:

• Avoid triggering medications
• Minimize stress
• Maintain proper oral hygiene
• Follow a healthy diet

Prognosis

Lichen Planus often resolves over months to years, but some cases persist chronically. Regular dermatological check-ups are advised.