Functions, Metabolism, and Homeostasis of Essential Minerals in the Human Body

Iron Metabolism and Its Role in Oxygen Transport and Red Blood Cell Production

Iron is a vital mineral for human physiology, playing a crucial role in oxygen transport, enzymatic functions, and cellular metabolism.

Iron Absorption and Metabolism

• Dietary Intake: Found in both heme (animal sources) and non-heme (plant sources) forms.
• Absorption: Occurs primarily in the duodenum; influenced by dietary components such as vitamin C and phytic acid.
• Transportation: Iron binds to transferrin for systemic distribution.
• Storage: Ferritin and hemosiderin serve as intracellular iron stores in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Role in Oxygen Transport

Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells. It facilitates oxygen binding and release, ensuring adequate oxygen delivery to tissues.

Iron Homeostasis

Maintaining balanced iron levels is essential to prevent deficiencies (anemia) or toxic overload (hemochromatosis). The liver and hormonal regulators like hepcidin modulate iron homeostasis.

Clinical Implications

Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, characterized by fatigue, pallor, and impaired cognitive function. Excess iron may contribute to oxidative stress and organ damage.