Introduction to Pharmacology
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
An overview of pharmacology focusing on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Introduction to Pharmacology
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Drugs
Pharmacology is the study of drug interactions with biological systems. The fundamental processes include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, collectively known as ADME.
Absorption
Absorption refers to how a drug enters the bloodstream. Factors influencing absorption include solubility, route of administration, and bioavailability.
Distribution
Once absorbed, drugs travel through the bloodstream to their target tissues. Factors such as protein binding, lipid solubility, and blood-brain barrier permeability affect drug distribution.
Metabolism
Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, transforming drugs into more water-soluble compounds. The cytochrome P450 enzyme system plays a significant role in drug metabolism.
Excretion
Drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys (urine), liver (bile), lungs (exhalation), or sweat. Renal excretion is the most common pathway.
Conclusion
Understanding ADME processes is crucial for effective drug design and therapeutic application.
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