Morphology and Structural Organization of the Larynx

The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, is a vital organ involved in respiration, phonation, and protection of the lower airway. It consists of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that regulate its movement and function.

Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx

Types and Locations

• Thyroarytenoid Muscle: Forms the bulk of the vocal folds, adjusting tension for sound modulation.
• Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle: The only abductor of the vocal cords, allowing air passage.
• Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle: Adducts the vocal cords for phonation.
• Transverse and Oblique Arytenoid Muscles: Aid in vocal cord adduction.
• Cricothyroid Muscle: Responsible for increasing vocal pitch by tightening the vocal cords.

Functions

The intrinsic muscles of the larynx regulate sound production and airway protection. They control vocal fold tension, position, and shape to facilitate speech, breathing, and swallowing.