Interpretation of Chest X-ray in Foreign Body Aspiration and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Introduction

Chest X-ray remains a primary diagnostic tool in identifying abnormalities related to foreign body aspiration and lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in pediatric patients. Recognizing specific radiographic findings can aid in prompt intervention.

Chest X-ray Findings in Foreign Body Aspiration

Direct Visualization

• Radiopaque foreign bodies can be directly identified in the trachea or bronchi.
• Most aspirated foreign bodies, however, are radiolucent and require indirect assessment.

Indirect Signs

• Air Trapping: Expiratory films may reveal hyperinflation of the affected lung.
• Atelectasis: Obstruction of the airway can lead to partial or complete collapse of the lung.
• Mediastinal Shift: Marked asymmetry in lung aeration can cause a shift in mediastinal structures.

Chest X-ray Findings in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Pneumonia

• Localized consolidation with air bronchograms.
• Interstitial infiltrates in atypical pneumonia.

Bronchiolitis

• Hyperinflation with peribronchial thickening.
• Flattened diaphragms indicative of obstructive pathology.

Conclusion

Chest X-ray interpretation is essential in pediatric pulmonary diagnostics. Understanding the characteristic signs of foreign body aspiration and lower respiratory tract infections aids in timely diagnosis and effective management.