Interpretation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis Parameters

Normal CSF Composition and Function

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a critical role in maintaining the health of the central nervous system. It serves as a cushion for the brain, facilitates nutrient transport, and removes metabolic waste.

Key CSF Analysis Parameters

1. Physical Characteristics

• Appearance: Normal CSF is clear and colorless. Cloudiness may indicate infection.
• Pressure: Normal opening pressure ranges from 6-20 cm H2O.

2. Cellular Composition

• WBC Count: Typically fewer than 5 WBCs per microliter. Elevated levels suggest infection or inflammation.
• RBC Count: RBCs should not be present. High levels indicate hemorrhage or traumatic tap.

3. Biochemical Parameters

• Glucose: Normal range is 45-80 mg/dL. Low levels may indicate bacterial or fungal infection.
• Protein: Normal levels are 15-45 mg/dL. Elevated protein can signal meningitis or CNS disorders.

4. Microbiological Analysis

CSF culture, Gram stain, and PCR tests help identify infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Clinical Significance of CSF Analysis

CSF analysis aids in diagnosing neurological diseases, including meningitis, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusion

CSF analysis is a fundamental diagnostic tool in neurology and microbiology. Proper interpretation of its parameters provides valuable insights into underlying conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord.