Interpretation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis Parameters

CSF Protein and Glucose Levels in Different Pathologies

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a critical diagnostic tool in neurological and infectious diseases. The assessment of CSF protein and glucose levels provides key insights into various pathological conditions affecting the central nervous system.

CSF Composition and Its Clinical Significance

CSF is a clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, maintaining intracranial pressure, supplying nutrients, and removing waste products.

CSF Protein Levels

Normal CSF protein levels range between 15-45 mg/dL. Abnormal elevations suggest conditions such as:

• Bacterial Meningitis: High protein (>100 mg/dL) due to inflammation.
• Viral Meningitis: Mild to moderate elevation (50-100 mg/dL).
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Significantly high protein with a normal white blood cell count.
• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Increased protein due to blood contamination.

CSF Glucose Levels

Normal CSF glucose levels are approximately 50-80 mg/dL, about two-thirds of serum glucose levels. A decreased CSF glucose level indicates:

• Bacterial Meningitis: Markedly reduced levels (<40 mg/dL) due to microbial consumption.
• Fungal/Tubercular Meningitis: Moderately reduced levels.
• Viral Meningitis: Typically normal glucose levels.

Conclusion

Interpreting CSF protein and glucose levels is essential in diagnosing neurological infections and inflammatory conditions. Correlating these findings with clinical symptoms and additional laboratory tests ensures accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.