Interpretation of Abnormalities in Cardiac Function Tests in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Electrocardiographic (ECG) Changes in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) encompass a spectrum of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. Electrocardiography (ECG) serves as a crucial diagnostic tool in identifying ACS and assessing cardiac abnormalities.

Key ECG Changes in ACS

• ST-Segment Elevation: A hallmark of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), indicating complete occlusion of a coronary artery.
• ST-Segment Depression: Often seen in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina, suggesting subendocardial ischemia.
• T-Wave Abnormalities: Inverted or hyperacute T waves may be early indicators of myocardial ischemia.
• Q-Waves: Presence of pathological Q-waves indicates established myocardial infarction.

Clinical Interpretation

ECG interpretation requires an understanding of leads involved, waveform characteristics, and correlation with clinical symptoms. Timely recognition of changes can guide immediate medical interventions, including thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Conclusion

ECG remains a cornerstone of ACS diagnosis, aiding clinicians in rapid assessment and decision-making. Continuous advancements in ECG technology further enhance its diagnostic accuracy.