Indications and Types of Keratoplasty

Introduction

Keratoplasty, commonly known as corneal transplant surgery, is performed to restore vision affected by corneal diseases or injuries. This procedure involves replacing damaged corneal tissue with healthy donor tissue.

Indications for Keratoplasty

Medical Necessities

• Keratoconus - A progressive thinning disorder of the cornea.
• Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy - A condition causing endothelial cell dysfunction.
• Corneal Scarring - Due to infections or trauma.
• Corneal Ulcers - Persistent or severe cases unresponsive to medication.

Surgical Necessities

• Failed Previous Corneal Transplant - Requiring re-transplantation.
• Corneal Perforation - Due to trauma or severe ulceration.

Types of Keratoplasty

Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK)

Full-thickness corneal transplantation to replace diseased tissue.

Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK)

Selective replacement of diseased endothelial layer.

Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (ALK)

Replacement of superficial corneal layers while preserving deeper structures.

Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK)

Used for diseases affecting anterior stroma, leaving endothelium intact.

Conclusion

Keratoplasty is a crucial ophthalmic procedure for restoring vision in patients suffering from corneal diseases. Choosing the appropriate type depends on the extent of corneal damage and the specific condition.