Important Nerve Plexuses of the Posterior Abdominal Wall

Sacral Plexus: Components, Pathways, and Key Functions

The sacral plexus is a vital network of nerves located within the posterior abdominal wall, primarily contributing to the innervation of the lower limbs, pelvic structures, and perineum. It plays an essential role in motor and sensory functions.

Anatomical Components

• Origins: Formed by the ventral rami of L4–S4.
• Main Nerves: Includes the sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve, superior and inferior gluteal nerves, and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

Pathways and Clinical Significance

The sacral plexus nerves travel through the greater sciatic foramen, contributing to key muscular and sensory regions. Damage to this plexus can lead to symptoms such as sciatic neuropathy, pudendal neuralgia, or foot drop.

Key Functions

• Motor Functions: Controls movement in the gluteal muscles, hamstrings, and lower limbs.
• Sensory Functions: Provides sensation to the pelvic region, perineum, and posterior thigh.