IgA Nephropathy: Diagnosis and Laboratory Findings

IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disorder caused by abnormal deposits of IgA antibodies in the glomeruli. Over time, these deposits can lead to progressive kidney damage and chronic kidney disease.

Diagnosis of IgA Nephropathy

The diagnosis of IgA nephropathy is primarily based on clinical presentation and laboratory findings, often confirmed through kidney biopsy.

Clinical Symptoms

• Episodes of hematuria (blood in urine), often following an upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infection.
• Proteinuria (protein in urine), which may range from mild to severe.
• Hypertension (high blood pressure).
• Edema (swelling), especially in the lower extremities.
• Progressive loss of kidney function in advanced cases.

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory tests play a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of IgA nephropathy.

• Urinalysis: Hematuria and proteinuria are often detected.
• Serum Creatinine: Elevated levels may indicate declining kidney function.
• GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate): Used to assess the severity of kidney impairment.
• Immunological Tests: Increased serum IgA levels may be observed in some patients.

Kidney Biopsy and Histopathology

A definitive diagnosis requires a kidney biopsy, where immunofluorescence studies reveal IgA deposits in the glomeruli.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and regular monitoring are essential for managing IgA nephropathy and preventing progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Treatment strategies focus on controlling blood pressure, reducing proteinuria, and preventing further kidney damage.