Pathophysiology of Shock: Types, Mechanisms, and Principles of Resuscitation

Hypovolemic Shock: Causes, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Features

Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening condition caused by a significant decrease in circulating blood volume.

Causes

• Hemorrhage due to trauma or surgery
• Severe burns leading to plasma loss
• Dehydration from excessive vomiting or diarrhea

Pathogenesis

The pathophysiology involves decreased venous return, reduced cardiac output, and impaired tissue perfusion, leading to metabolic acidosis.

Clinical Features

• Hypotension and tachycardia
• Cold, clammy skin due to vasoconstriction
• Altered mental status from decreased cerebral perfusion

Principles of Resuscitation

• Rapid volume replacement with crystalloids or blood products
• Hemostasis to control bleeding
• Monitoring of vital signs and urine output