Hyperparathyroidism
Overview and Classification
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition causing excess parathyroid hormone secretion, leading to calcium imbalances. It is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary types, each requiring distinct treatment approaches.
Hyperparathyroidism: Overview and Classification
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to an imbalance in calcium levels. It is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary forms, each with distinct etiologies and clinical implications.
Types of Hyperparathyroidism
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Occurs due to an adenoma or hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, leading to increased PTH secretion and hypercalcemia.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Develops as a compensatory response to chronic hypocalcemia, often seen in chronic kidney disease.
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Results from prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism, where the parathyroid glands become autonomous and excessively secrete PTH.
Symptoms
- Bone pain and fractures
- Kidney stones
- Fatigue and weakness
- Depression and cognitive disturbances
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through serum calcium, PTH levels, and imaging studies such as ultrasound and sestamibi scan.
Treatment
Management may include surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid tissue, medications such as calcimimetics, and addressing underlying causes in secondary hyperparathyroidism.