Host Immune Response to Infections
Innate Immunity: First Line of Defense
The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against infections, comprising physical barriers, cellular defenses, and chemical factors.
Host Immune Response to Infections
Innate Immunity: First Line of Defense
The immune system serves as the body's natural defense mechanism against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Innate immunity represents the initial response, preventing infection before adaptive mechanisms come into play.
Components of Innate Immunity
- Physical Barriers: Skin and mucous membranes block pathogen entry.
- Cellular Defenses: Neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells identify and eliminate invaders.
- Chemical Factors: Complement system and cytokines enhance pathogen destruction.
Mechanisms of Action
Upon detecting an infection, innate immune cells activate inflammatory pathways, releasing cytokines such as interleukins and interferons. Phagocytosis, a crucial process, ensures the elimination of harmful microbes.
Importance of Innate Immunity
By acting rapidly, innate immunity curtails infections before the adaptive immune system is activated. Any dysfunction in this defense layer can lead to increased susceptibility to diseases.
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