Hodgkin Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Understanding Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is crucial for immune function. The two primary categories of lymphoma are Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL).

Differences Between Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

• Hodgkin Lymphoma is identified by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, large abnormal lymphocytes.
• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma encompasses a diverse group of lymphatic malignancies without Reed-Sternberg cells.
• HL tends to follow a predictable pattern of spreading, whereas NHL can be more widespread.

Diagnostic Techniques

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for treatment planning. Physicians employ:

• Biopsy: A tissue sample is examined for Reed-Sternberg cells.
• Immunophenotyping: Identifies surface markers specific to lymphoma cells.
• Imaging: CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs determine the extent of lymph node involvement.

Staging of Lymphoma

Staging helps determine the progression and appropriate treatment:

• Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node or localized area.
• Stage II: Multiple lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm.
• Stage III: Lymph nodes affected on both sides of the diaphragm.
• Stage IV: Widespread disease involving organs outside the lymphatic system.

Treatment Options

Common treatments include:

• Chemotherapy: Systemic treatment targeting lymphoma cells.
• Radiation Therapy: Localized treatment for early-stage lymphoma.
• Immunotherapy: Enhances immune response against cancer.
• Stem Cell Transplant: In cases of aggressive or relapsed lymphoma.

Prognosis and Outlook

Advancements in treatment have improved survival rates significantly. Hodgkin Lymphoma, in particular, has a high cure rate when diagnosed early.