Hoarseness of Voice: Definition and Classification

Hoarseness refers to an abnormal voice change characterized by a rough, breathy, or strained vocal quality. It often results from dysfunction or irritation of the vocal cords and laryngeal structures.

Causes of Hoarseness

• Acute laryngitis due to viral or bacterial infections
• Vocal cord nodules, polyps, or cysts
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Neurological conditions affecting laryngeal nerve function
• Thyroid disorders

Classification

Hoarseness can be classified based on its duration and underlying etiology:

1. Acute Hoarseness

Usually lasts less than two weeks and is commonly caused by infections or vocal strain.

2. Chronic Hoarseness

Persists beyond two weeks and may indicate structural or neurological abnormalities.

Diagnosis and Management

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive ENT examination, including laryngoscopy and imaging. Management varies based on cause and can include:

• Voice rest and hydration
• Speech therapy
• Medications for GERD or infections
• Surgical intervention in severe cases

Preventive Measures

Maintaining vocal hygiene can help prevent hoarseness:

• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
• Stay hydrated to prevent vocal cord dryness
• Limit vocal strain, especially prolonged loud talking or singing