Hematology: Composition and Functions of Blood

Introduction

Blood is a vital connective tissue that serves multiple physiological functions, including transportation, defense, and regulation. Understanding its composition and roles is fundamental in physiology and medical sciences.

Composition of Blood

Plasma

Plasma constitutes approximately 55% of blood and is composed mainly of water, electrolytes, proteins (such as albumin, fibrinogen, and globulins), hormones, and waste products.

Formed Elements

• Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) - Responsible for oxygen transport via hemoglobin.
• White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) - Play a crucial role in the immune system, defending against pathogens.
• Platelets (Thrombocytes) - Essential for blood clotting and wound healing.

Functions of Blood

Transportation

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues while transporting carbon dioxide and metabolic waste to excretory organs.

Defense Mechanism

White blood cells and antibodies contribute to immune responses, preventing infections and illnesses.

Homeostasis and Regulation

Blood maintains pH balance, body temperature, and osmotic equilibrium, ensuring proper physiological function.

Conclusion

Blood is a dynamic and multifunctional tissue crucial for human health. Understanding its composition and physiological roles aids in diagnosing and treating hematological disorders.