Head and Neck Joints
Atlanto-Occipital and Atlanto-Axial Joints: Structure and Movement
The Atlanto-Occipital and Atlanto-Axial joints facilitate essential head and neck movements, contributing to stability and rotation.
Head and Neck Joints: Atlanto-Occipital and Atlanto-Axial Joints
The head and neck joints play a crucial role in movement and stability. The Atlanto-Occipital and Atlanto-Axial joints form the pivotal connection between the skull and cervical spine, allowing for essential head movements.
Atlanto-Occipital Joint
The Atlanto-Occipital joint connects the occipital bone of the skull to the atlas (C1 vertebra). This joint is classified as a condyloid joint, enabling flexion, extension, and minimal lateral movement.
Structure
- Articulation between the occipital condyles and superior facets of the atlas
- Synovial joint surrounded by a strong fibrous capsule
- Supported by anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes
Movements
- Flexion and extension (nodding motion)
- Slight lateral bending
Atlanto-Axial Joint
The Atlanto-Axial joint connects the atlas (C1) to the axis (C2) vertebra. It is crucial for rotational movement of the head.
Structure
- Composed of three synovial joints: one median joint and two lateral joints
- The odontoid process (dens) of the axis acts as a pivot
- Transverse ligament stabilizes the dens
Movements
- Primary movement is rotation (shaking head ‘no’)
- Approximately 50% of cervical spine rotation occurs at this joint
Clinical Significance
These joints are vulnerable to injury due to trauma or degenerative diseases. Conditions like atlantoaxial subluxation and rheumatoid arthritis can compromise their function.
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