Genetic Basis of Thyroid Dysfunction

Overview of Genetic Factors Influencing Thyroid Function

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and energy levels in the human body. Genetic predisposition significantly affects thyroid function, contributing to various thyroid disorders.

Genetic Influence on Thyroid Disorders

• Congenital Hypothyroidism: Mutations in genes such as TSHR and PAX8 affect thyroid development.
• Graves' Disease: Genetic polymorphisms in immune system-related genes contribute to autoimmune thyroid dysfunction.
• Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Genes like HLA-DR3 and CTLA-4 influence susceptibility to this condition.
• Thyroid Cancer: Mutations in RET and BRAF genes can lead to thyroid malignancies.

Role of Genetic Testing

Advances in genetic testing allow early detection of inherited thyroid conditions, enabling timely intervention and management.