Genetic Basis of Autoimmune Diseases

Overview of Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. These conditions can affect various organs, causing chronic health issues.

Genetic Influence on Autoimmune Diseases

Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of autoimmune disorders. Several genes associated with immune system regulation contribute to disease susceptibility.

Major Genetic Factors

• HLA Genes: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes influence immune response and are linked to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
• Non-HLA Genetic Variants: Other gene mutations, such as PTPN22 and CTLA4, affect immune function and contribute to autoimmune disease risk.
• Epigenetic Modifications: Environmental factors can trigger genetic changes, influencing autoimmune disease onset.

Common Autoimmune Disorders with Genetic Links

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Type 1 Diabetes
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Multiple Sclerosis

Conclusion

Understanding the genetic basis of autoimmune diseases helps in early diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and improved patient outcomes.