General Microbiology and Immunology
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate and adaptive immunity are essential components of the immune system. Innate immunity provides immediate defense, while adaptive immunity offers long-term protection.
General Microbiology and Immunology
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Immunity is the body's ability to resist infections and diseases. It is categorized into innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate Immunity
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense. It is non-specific and includes physical barriers such as skin, mucosal layers, and secretions.
- Physical barriers: Skin, mucosa
- Chemical barriers: Enzymes, acidic pH
- Cellular components: Macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells
Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive immunity is highly specific and is acquired over time. It involves lymphocytes and has memory for faster responses upon subsequent exposures.
- Humoral immunity: B cells and antibody production
- Cell-mediated immunity: T cells and cytotoxic responses
Comparison of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
| Feature | Innate Immunity | Adaptive Immunity |
|---|---|---|
| Specificity | Non-specific | Highly specific |
| Response Time | Immediate | Delayed |
| Memory | None | Present |
Conclusion
Both innate and adaptive immunity play crucial roles in protecting the body against infections. Understanding their mechanisms aids in disease prevention and treatment.
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